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Explain why two engineers can run the exact same calculation on the same drawing and get different answers, and why that risk lives entirely in the material values chosen
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Distinguish a material's two properties in building physics — thermal conductivity and vapour resistance — and explain why heat is the primary property and vapour is reserved for the condensation check
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Explain why thermal conductivity is a fixed material property, while thickness turns it into a layer's thermal resistance, and describe why resistances stack
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Identify the three awkward heat-loss cases that need special care: air gaps, surface resistances, and a high-conductivity element bridging an insulation layer
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Explain the vapour resistance factor and its equivalent air thickness, and describe the parallel between the heat and moisture properties of a material
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Explain why the dry, declared conductivity value is used in almost every calculation, and identify the one genuine exception where a wet, in-use value applies
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Apply the "tight on the warm side, open on the cold side" rule as a materials decision, and explain why getting a membrane on the wrong side builds a moisture trap
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Describe the thermal and moisture character of the key material families used in façade systems: insulation, structural and backing materials, boards and sheathings, membranes, glazing, and sealants
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Rank material data sources by reliability — a manufacturer's declared data, standard tables, and software defaults — and explain why the most specific source available should always be used
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Distinguish a declared value from a design value, and explain why the design value, adjusted for real in-service conditions, is the honest one to calculate with